শিক্ষার্থীদের ইংরেজি (Preposition) Part-01

যে সকল Parts of speech “ Noun/Pronoun” এর পূর্বে ব্যবহৃত হয়ে অন্যান্য parts of speech এর সাথে সর্ম্পক স্থাপন করে তাদেরকে preposition বলে।

Preposition of time (In, On, At)

সুনির্দিষ্ট সময় বোঝাতে “at” ব্যবহৃত হয়।

1. I will go there at 5 o’clock.
2. He may come at 6 p.m

কোন দিনের নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের পূর্বে “at” হয়। কিন্তু সম্পূর্ণ দিন বোঝালে “on” ব্যবহৃত হয়।

1. The child becomes afraid at night.
2. I will meet you at Christmas.
3. I will do the work on Friday.
4. On the following day, on 16^th instant, on May first.
5. At that time, at breakfast time, at brunch time, at noon, at midnight

রাতের নির্দিষ্ট সময় বোঝাতে “ In the” ব্যবহৃত হয়।কিন্তু সম্পূর্ণ রাত বোঝাতে at ব্যবহৃত হয়।

1. I woke up several times in the night.
2. I usually have my window opened at night.

সকাল (morning), বিকাল (afternoon),  সন্ধ্যা (evening) এদের আগে “in the” ব্যবহৃত হয়।কিন্তু দিনের সকাল,বিকাল এবং সন্ধ্যা বোঝাতে “On” ব্যবহৃত হয়।

1. The man has come to meet me in the afternoon.
2. The man has come to meet me on the afternoon of Victory day.
3. Cocks crow in the morning.

Cocks crow on Sunday morning.

 

Note:- early morning, late night এবং late evening এর ক্ষেত্রে “in the” ব্যবহৃত হয়।

1. I heard the news in the late afternoon.
2. The government managed the political violence in the early morning.

মনে রাখুন:- This morning, this week, last August, last week, last summer, next Monday, next week, next year, everyday, every week,     at/in/on

1. Are you going out this evening. ( Not in this evening )
2. The garden was lovely last summer. ( Not in last summer)
3. I am going to holiday next Monday. ( Not on next Monday )

মাস, সাল এবং সিজন পূর্বে “in” ব্যবহৃত হয়। যেমন:-

1. The president will meet the press in January.
2. Thousands of people died in a road mishap in 1997.
3. We had to make the negotiation in summer.

নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের শুরু থেকে শেষের মধ্যে বোঝাতে In ব্যবহৃত হয়।

1. He finished the job in three months.
2. We will meet in three months’ time.
3. I have to make the steps in six months.l

কোন নির্দিষ্ট সময়ের শুরু থেকে শেষের মধ্যে বোঝাতে “in” ব্যবহৃত হয়।

1. Hurry! The train leaves in five minutes. ( It leaves five minutes from now )
2. Goodbye! I will see you in a few days. ( A few days from now)
3. He will finish the work in three months. ( In the space of three months from when it starts)
4. The man will meet me in five months time. ( In the space of five months from when it starts )

Particular period of time বোঝাতে “in” ব্যবহৃত হয়।

1. It’s the first letter I have had in ten years.
2. I haven’t seen him in years.
3. She is the first lady we met in twenty years.

Holiday period বোঝাতে British English G at হয়। কিন্তু American English এ on ব্যবহৃত হয়।

1. I will see you at the weekend. ( British English )

I will see you on the weekend. ( American English )

1. My sister will meet me at Christmas. ( British English)

My sister will meet me on Christmas. ( American English )

 

দিনের/রাতের বেলা (During the day/nigh ) বোঝাতে by day/by night হয়।

1. We prepared travelling by night. ( During the night )
2. We stayed here by day. ( During the day )

Hourly  ( এক ঘন্টা পরপর 1 o’clock. 2 o’clock, 3 o’clock ইত্যাদি ) বোঝাতে “on” ব্যবহৃত হয়।

1. Train leaves the station on the hour.
2. On the hour, the teacher comes to the class.

বয়স বোঝাতে At ব্যবহৃত হয়।

1. She got married at eighteen.
2. The old man died at seventy.
3. My mother has taken the steps at the age of fifty.

 

Preposition of place  (In, On, At)

 

লাইব্রেরি, অফিস, সিনেমা, থিয়েটার, হাসপাতাল, শিক্ষা প্রতিষ্টান ইত্যাদিতে স্বাভাবিক অবস্থান ( on duty/on respective work/institutional/functional aspect ) বোঝাতে at বসে।

1. The man is at the office. ( On duty তাই at )
2. The teacher is at the university to conduct classes. ( On duty তাই at )
3. Jonathans are at the theatre. ( Watching a play/on duty )
4. We were at the library. ( Choosing a book/on duty )
5. Ann has been at the university. ( As a student/on duty )

কিন্তু লাইব্রেরি ,অফিস, সিনেমা, থিয়েটার, শিক্ষা প্রতিষ্টান ইত্যাদিতে কোন ভবন//Building এ অবস্থান করা বোঝাতে/ভিন্ন উদ্দেশ্যে থাকা বোঝাতে “in” হয়।

1. The man is in the office. ( Inside the office not on duty )
2. Jonathans are in the theatre to meet me. ( Inside the theatre not for watching a play )
3. It was cold in the library. ( Inside the library )
4. Nitu has been in the university to meet VC. ( as a visitor not student )

তার মানে হল;-

The man is at the office to do necessary work. (দায়িত্বরত)

My friend is in my office to gossip with me. (দায়িত্বরত)

এবার নিচের প্রশ্নগুলোর উরর দিন:

1. The doctor is ——- hospital to consult his patients.
2. The doctor is ——– the hospital to make the negotiation.
3. My father was ——– my office to know my physical condition.
4. My father was ——- his office to do his necessary work.
5. The student is ——– college to meet his teacher.

 

Sizeable territories যেমন দেশ, মহাদেশ, রাজা, শহর, জেলা ইত্যাদির পূর্বে “in” হয়।

1. The president is in Asia to make a negotiation.
2. We live in Bangladesh in Dhaka.

 

কিন্তু Global distance বোঝাতে শহরের পূর্বে ব্যবহৃত হয়।

1. Our plane refueled at London on its way from New York to Moscow. ( Global distance )
2. Prime minister landed at Tokoyo while she was going to Brazil. ( Global distance )

 

Sea, river, lake, swimming pool ইত্যাদির পূর্বে in/at উভয়ই ব্যবহৃত হতে পারে। in ব্যবহৃত হলে পানির মধ্যে থাকা বোঝায় অন্যদিকে at ব্যবহৃত হলে পানির কাছাকাছি বোঝায়।

1. The children are swimming in the river. ( in the water )
2. The children are at the river. ( near/beside the river )
3. The man was in the sea. ( in the water)
4. The man was at the sea. ( near/beside the sea )

 

Note :- তবে at sea (the না থাকলে ) মানে হল জাহাজের উপর (on ship)

1. He is swimming in the sea. ( in the water )
2. He is at the sea. ( near/beside the sea )
3. He is at ( on ship )

 

কিন্তু Village/town এর ক্ষেত্রে at/in ব্যবহার করা যায়।

1. Shakespeare was born in/at Stratford-upon-Avon.
2. Mark was in/at sylhet to conduct a training.

Touching, respecting, barring, regarding, concerning, pending, considering, during এবং notwithstanding ইত্যাদি present participle  সমূহ Noun/pronoun এর পূর্বে বসে কখনো কখনো preposition এর কাজ করে।

1. Barring (apart from/expecting) accident, the mail will arrive tomorrow.
2. Concerning (about) his experience, the authority recruited him.
3. Notwithstanding ( in spite of ) has riches, he was not able to buy a new car.
4. Considering ( taking into account ) the quality, the price is not high.
5. Touching ( with regard to ) this matter, I have not yet made up my mind.

Correct use of some prepositions

1. Absorbed এর পর in হয় at নয়।
2. Nitu is absorbed at her hopes. ( Incorrect )

Nitu is absorbed in her hopes. ( Correct )

1. He was absorbed at his study. ( Incorrect )

He was absorbed in his study.( Correct )

2. Absent এর পর from হয়। at নয়।
3. Nitu is absented at the meeting. ( Incorrect )

Nitu is absented from the meeting. ( Correct )

1. Some students absented themselves at going to school. ( Incorrect )

Some students absented themselves from going to school. ( Correct )

3. Await এর পর for হয় না। কারণ await মানেই wait for.
4. They are awaiting for my response. ( Incorrect )

They are awaiting my response. ( Correct )

1. My mother is awaiting for my result. ( Incorrect )

My mother is awaiting my result. ( Correct )

4. Afraid এরপর of হয়। from নয়।
5. He is afraid from the sin. ( Incorrect )

He is afraid of the sin. ( Correct )

1. I am afraid from the dark. ( incorrect )

I am afraid of the dark. ( Correct )

5. Angry with somebody (ব্যক্তি), কিন্তু angry at something (বন্তু)
6. They were angry at Nitu. ( Incorrect )

They were angry with Nitu . ( Correct )

1. I was angry with pollution. ( Incorrect )

I was angry at pollution. ( Correct)

6. Accustomed/Unaccustomed এরপর সর্বদাই to হয় with নয়।
7. The man is accustomed with doing the job. ( Incorrect )

The man is accustomed to doing the job. ( Correct )

1. Trump is unaccustomed with thesis writing. ( Incorrect )

Trump is unaccustomed to thesis writing. ( Correct )

7. Accuse এর পর of হয়। for নয়।
8. He is accused for murder. ( Incorrect )

He is accused of murder. ( Correct )

1. The criminal was accused for stealing our property. ( Incorrect )

The criminal was accused of stealing our property. ( Correct ) পরের পার্ট আসছে…..